Superhard tool material refers to the superhard material that can be used as a cutting tool. At present, it can be divided into two categories: diamond cutting tool material and cubic boron nitride cutting tool material. There are five main varieties of new materials that have been applied or are under test
(1) Natural and artificial synthetic large single crystal diamond
(2) Poly diamond (PCD) and poly diamond composite blade (PDC)
(3) CVD diamond
(4) Polycrystal cubic boron ammonia; (PCBN)
(5) CVD cubic boron ammonia coating
1, natural and synthetic large single crystal diamond
Natural diamond is a uniform crystal structure without internal grain boundary, so that the tool edge can theoretically reach the atomic smoothness and sharpness, with strong cutting ability, high precision and small cutting force. The hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance and chemical stability of natural diamond ensure the long life of the tool, can ensure the long normal cutting, and reduce the impact of tool wear on the accuracy of the processed parts, its high thermal conductivity can reduce the cutting temperature and the thermal deformation of the parts. The fine characteristics of natural large single crystal diamond can meet most of the requirements of precision and ultra-precision cutting for tool materials. Although its price is expensive, it is still recognized as the ideal precision and ultra precision tool materials, can be widely used in processing nuclear reactors and other high technology in the field of mirrors, missiles and rockets, computer hard disk substrate, accelerator electron gun super precision machining, and traditional watch parts, jewelry, pens, package metal decoration precision processing, etc. In addition, it can also be used to manufacture ophthalmology, brain surgery scalpel, ultra-thin biological blades and other medical tools. The current development of high temperature and high pressure technology makes it possible to prepare a large single crystal diamond with a certain size. The advantage of this diamond tool material is its good size, shape and performanceOf consistency, which is not achieved in natural diamond products. Due to the scarcity of large size natural diamond supply, expensive price, synthetic large particle single crystal diamond tool material in ultra-precision cutting processing as a natural large single crystal diamond substitute, its application will be rapidly developed.
2, polycrystal diamond (PCD) and polycrystal diamond composite blade (PDC) compared with large single crystal diamond as a tool material of polycrystal diamond (PCD) and polycrystal diamond composite blade (PDC) have the following advantages: (1) grain disordered arrangement, isotropic, no cleavage surface. Therefore, it is not like the large single crystal diamond on different crystal surface strength, hardness
And the wear resistance is very different, and because of the existence of the cleavage surface and is brittle.
(2) has high strength, especially the PDC tool material due to the support of carbide matrix and has high impact resistance, the impact will only produce small grain broken, not like single crystal diamond large collapse, thus with PCD or PDC tool not only can be used for precision cutting and ordinary half precision machining. But also can be used as a large amount of rough machining and intermittent processing (such as milling, etc.), which greatly expands the use range of diamond tool materials.
(3) Large PDC tool blank can be prepared to meet the needs of large machining tools such as milling cutter.
(4) Specific shapes can be made to meet the needs of different processing. Due to the improvement of PDC tool billet and processing technology such as electric spark, laser cutting technology, triangle, herringbone, gables and other special-shaped blade billet can be processed and formed. In order to meet the needs of special cutting tools, it can also be designed as wrapped, sandwich and roll PDC tool billet.
(5) The performance of the product can be designed or predicted, and the product is given the necessary characteristics to adapt to its specific use. For example, selecting fine-grained PDC tool material can improve the edge quality of the tool; coarse-grained PDC tool material can improve the durability of the tool.
In conclusion, with the development of PCD and PDC tool materials, the application of PCD and PDC tool has been rapidly expanded to many manufacturing
Industry is widely used in non-ferrous metals (aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, etc.), carbide, ceramics, non-metallic materials (plastic, hard rubber, carbon rods, wood, cement products, etc.), composite materials (such as fiber reinforced plastic CFRP, metal matrix composite MMCs cutting processing, especially in the automobile and wood processing industry, has become a high performance alternative traditional carbide.
Post time: Mar-27-2025
